What is going on in Arbat, the most famous street in Russia?
Arbat Street, Moscow
Arbat Street in Moscow holds the esteemed title of “the main street of Moscow,” not due to its sheer size or central location, but rather for the unparalleled charm it exudes. This historic thoroughfare has captured the hearts of Muscovites and visitors alike, thanks to its distinctive architecture, romantic ambiance, and rich cultural heritage, celebrated by artists and musicians alike.
The allure of Arbat Street lies in its storied past, with many of its buildings steeped in the history and lives of great Russian figures. Spanning the route from the Kremlin to the Moscow River, Arbat boasts its own unique identity, traditions, and landscape. Despite enduring numerous fires and reconstructions over the years, it has remained a symbol of old Moscow, immortalized in poetry, prose, music, and cinema by artists from various eras. In this article, we embark on a journey to unravel the captivating history and beauty of Arbat Street in Moscow, delving into its fascinating tales and timeless allure that continue to enchant and inspire visitors from around the world.
General view of Arbat Street in Moscow
If Red Square is the heart of Moscow; The historic Arbat street is undoubtedly the soul of this city. This street is one of the most famous streets of the Russian capital, which is important both in terms of business and tourism. Moscow’s Arbat Street is full of shops, restaurants and street artists that you can walk along and enjoy its beauty. If you are traveling to Moscow; Do not miss the opportunity to walk on this street.
Arbat, the most attractive street in Moscow
Arbat Street, nestled in the historical district of Moscow, lies just a 20-30 minute stroll west of Red Square or a mere 15 minutes from the Christ the Savior Cathedral. Stretching approximately 1.2 kilometers between Arbatskaya and Smolenskaya-Sennaya Squares, this iconic thoroughfare is flanked by a myriad of historical buildings showcasing diverse architectural styles. For those intrigued by nighttime exploration and excitement, Arbat Street offers an ideal setting, surrounded by an array of shops and captivating historical and artistic edifices. Moreover, during various festive periods such as Christmas, the street is adorned with special decorations and illuminations, adding to its enchanting allure.
It’s important to note the distinction between Arbat Street and New Arbat Street (or Novy Arbat), located nearby. New Arbat Street, situated north of Old Arbat Street and perpendicular to it, offers a modern contrast to its historic counterpart. Serving as a major thoroughfare with multiple lanes of traffic in each direction, New Arbat Street forms part of the Moscow Ring Road (M-1 Federal Highway), linking the city to Belarus. While New Arbat Street boasts a contemporary ambiance, Arbat Street remains a cherished symbol of Moscow’s rich history and cultural heritage.
History of Moscow’s Arbat Street
Already in the 11th century, Arbat was inhabited. There were many wooden houses, shops and of course churches on this street. The Arbat was an important crossroads on the outskirts of the Kremlin, so it was the site of battles against foreign invaders. In 1493, the army of Kazan Khan Muhammad I was defeated and fled. It was on this street that medieval warriors marched to protect the southern borders of Moscow. In the 16th century, the streets of Arbat were populated by various craftsmen, including carpenters, silversmiths, and minters.
Arbat Street in the 18th century
During the 18th century, Arbat Street underwent a significant transformation as authority shifted from the working class to the nobility. This period marked the ascent of Arbat as the focal point for aristocrats and intellectuals in Moscow. The street and its surroundings became synonymous with opulence, adorned with the grand residences of wealthy noble families such as the Golitsyns, the Trobetskoys, the Volkonskys, and the Sheremetevs. These noble houses, characterized by elaborate stucco work, intricate balconies, and imaginative facades, serve as testaments to the refined tastes of their original owners. In subsequent years, Arbat Street continued to attract the attention of illustrious residents, including renowned figures such as Pushkin, Tsvetaeva, and Yesenin. Today, their former residences have been transformed into museums, offering visitors a glimpse into the lives and legacies of these literary giants. For instance, the house where Andrey Bely once resided, later inhabited by Bulat Okudzhava, stands as a preserved testament to their enduring influence and artistic contributions. These cultural landmarks serve as poignant reminders of Arbat Street’s rich history and its enduring allure as a haven for creativity and intellect.
- Arbat Street in the 19th century
In the latter half of the 19th century, Arbat Street underwent significant changes. Property ownership became a luxury, attracting businessmen, officials, and intellectuals as new residents. The street transformed with the addition of elegant mansions, fashion boutiques, upscale restaurants, and even a railway station. By the century’s end, Arbat boasted three-story buildings, an array of shops, and multi-story guest accommodations, solidifying its status as a prestigious and bustling thoroughfare in Moscow.
- The impact of the revolution on Arbat Street
Under Soviet rule, Arbat Street underwent drastic changes, losing its historic charm and character. Following the revolution, the street’s appearance drastically shifted, with many historic buildings demolished, replaced by new structures that lacked the old-world charm. Tram tracks were replaced with railways, sidewalks were paved, and the street lost its former allure. Despite attempts to revitalize the area with the opening of shops, cafes, and the reconstruction of landmarks like the “Prague” restaurant and the Vakhtangov State Theater, the destruction of churches in the 1930s further altered Arbat’s landscape.
In the early 1960s, the construction of Kalinin Street (later New Arbat) encroached upon Arbat territory, resulting in the destruction of numerous architectural treasures from the 18th and 19th centuries. However, remnants of old Arbat’s charm endure, with each building bearing its own unique history.
From 1974 to 1986, a promenade with vibrant shops, cafes, and street vendors transformed Arbat. Facades were painted in vivid colors, ushering in a new era for the street. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Arbat experienced a resurgence, emerging as a tourist hotspot with numerous cafes, restaurants, casinos, nightclubs, boutiques, and souvenir shops. Old Arbat has regained popularity, captivating tourists and locals alike with its vibrant atmosphere and cultural offerings, making it a beloved destination in modern Moscow.
Sights of Moscow’s Arbat Street and its surroundings
You can walk or take a walk on Arbat Street from different routes. In this street you can find restaurants, hotels, museums, souvenir shops, street artists, bookstores and many more. Walking on this street takes about two hours. Arbat Street has many sights, the most famous of which we will examine below.
Arbatskaya metro station (line 3)
This metro station, which is a sight like many stations in Moscow, is the beginning of your route on Arbat Street. Arbatskaya station is one of the most luxurious stations in the capital and was officially opened in 1953 on top of another station that was damaged in World War II. This station was built 41 meters underground to act as a shelter in case of a nuclear attack. It has important elements of Moscow Baroque architecture, including marble, multi-colored granite floors, arches, chandeliers, and floral reliefs. Arbatskaya station is one of the longest metro stations in the city.
Russian Government Reception House (Vozdvizhenka St. 16)
Exiting the Arbatskaya metro station (line 3), you’ll encounter the Russian Government Guest House, also known as the Arseny Morozov House, located at 16 Vozdvizhenka Street. This architectural gem uniquely blends elements of “Art Nouveau” with exotic Arabic influences, inspired by the travels of the esteemed Russian figure, Arseniy Morozov, to Spain and Portugal. Notably, the house also bears distinct influences of Antoni Gaudí’s style. The renowned architect behind this masterpiece, Fyodor Shechtel, earned the moniker “Russian Gaudí” for his visionary designs.
Dating back to the late 19th century, the house is adorned with intricate details, including hidden dragons believed to bring luck to those who discover them. Following a renovation in 2006, the mansion now serves as a venue for government delegations, diplomats, and international conferences, adding to its historic and cultural significance in modern-day Moscow.
Khudovestoni Cinema on Arbatskaya Square
As you make your way towards Arbatskaya Square, you’ll encounter the Khudozhestvenny Cinema, formerly a theater as well. In the early 20th century, this venue served as a gathering place for Russian intellectuals and aimed to be a comprehensive center for film distribution and analysis. Opened in 1909, with a seating capacity of 900 spectators, Khudozhestvenny Cinema holds historical significance as the location of the first Soviet sound film, “Road to Life” (Nikolai Ekk, 1931), among other popular screenings.
Dedicated to state cinematography, the cinema underwent closure in 2014 for renovation, a pivotal step in its modernization journey. Today, it boasts various cinema halls equipped with modern facilities, preserving its legacy as a cultural hub for film enthusiasts in Moscow.
Arbatskaya metro station entrance (line 4)
In addition to the Arbatskaya metro station on line 3, there is another Arbatskaya metro station on line 4 along the route to Arbat Street in Moscow. This station, dating back to 1935, sees comparatively less traffic than its counterpart. Adorned with a charming exterior painted in red and white, it adds to the aesthetic allure of the surrounding area.
Chapel of St. Boris and Gleb (Arbatskaya Square)
The chapel of St. Boris and Glebe in 1997, not far from where there was another chapel that was destroyed during the Soviet era; Was made. This church with its special and eye-catching architecture is an example of the variety of buildings in this area.
Prague Restaurant (Arbat Street 2)
If we move from Arbatskaya Square along Arbat Street; Prague restaurant is located on Arbat Street 2. This restaurant dates back to 1872 and is an iconic historical place located at the beginning of the street. It was visited by famous artists and writers such as Anton Chekhov, Leo Tolstoy or Ivan Bunin, and the city was known for its excellent cuisine, including its unique dishes. Its name is derived from “Prague” cake.
Between 1995 and 1997, the Prague restaurant was renovated and its lighting at night was one of the striking features of this restaurant. However, it has been closed since 2018 after an auction and is expected to become a museum dedicated to its history in the near future if all goes well.
Vakhtangov State Academic Theater (26 Arbat St.)
One of the most iconic landmarks on Arbat Street, revered by generations of Muscovites, is the Vakhtangov State Academic Theater. Established in 1921, the theater endured significant damage during the Second World War, prompting a reconstruction effort between 1946 and 1947. In 2011, a new building was erected, boasting a seating capacity of 1,055 spectators. Beyond its acclaimed performances, the Vakhtangov Theater is celebrated for its innovative design and architecture, showcasing the creativity of its designers. Visitors can explore a museum dedicated to the theater’s rich history and its founder, as well as enjoy a unique cafe-theatre experience. Outside the hall, the striking bronze and granite statue of Princess Turandot fountain, erected in 1997, pays homage to Carlo Gozzi’s play of the same name, successfully staged at the theater. Adorned with gold paint, the statue depicts the dancing princess, adding to the allure of this cultural landmark.-.
Central House of Actors (35 Arbat St.)
Situated directly opposite the Vakhtangov Theater stands the central building of the Actors’ House at 35 Arbat Street. Constructed between 1913 and 1914, this edifice originally served as an apartment block and was considered a towering skyscraper by Moscow standards at the time. Today, the building has been extensively renovated and serves as a multifunctional hub for meetings, performances, and theater workshops. Additionally, visitors can find a banquet hall located on the ground floor, adding to the versatility and appeal of this historic structure.
Moscow Ruben Simonov Drama Theater (10 Kalosin St.)
As you pass by 10 Kaloshin Street, you’ll catch a glimpse of the exterior of the Ruben Simonov Moscow Drama Theater. Originally established as a theater studio, this building underwent a complete renovation in 2017, rejuvenating its historic charm.
At the intersection of 37 Arbat Street and Krymsky Arbatsky Lane, you’ll encounter the Tsoi Wall, a poignant tribute to Russian rock star Viktor Tsoi and his band Kino. Tragically, Tsoi passed away in a car accident in 1990. Today, the Tsoi Wall serves as a gathering place for young people to commemorate his songs and legacy. Adorned with graffiti and images of Tsoi, this space pays homage to the enduring influence of the beloved musician and his iconic band.
Melnikov’s house (10 Krivorbatsky St.)
Continuing along Krivokolenny Lane, you’ll encounter the striking Constructivist-style Melnikov House, also known as the Melnikov Mansion. Originally the studio of avant-garde architect Konstantin Melnikov, this architectural gem was constructed between 1927 and 1929.
While entry to the house for a guided tour requires advance booking, you can still admire its distinctive exterior features from the outside. With its distinctive hexagonal windows and surrounding garden, the Melnikov House stands as a testament to innovative design and creativity. Today, the house serves as a branch of the Museum of the Academy of Architecture of the USSR, offering visitors a glimpse into its remarkable history and architectural significance.
Monument to Bulat Okudzhava (Plotnikov Street)
Returning to Arbat Street along Plotnikov Street, you will see the monument to Bulat Okudzhava, a famous Russian singer and songwriter of Georgian descent, a man of letters and a composer. It dates back to 2002 and is the work of Georgi Frangoulian. This composition includes two half-arches of bronze, which are placed as entrance doors, two benches and a 2.5-meter-high Okudzhava figure in a very attractive space.
Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior on the Sands (Spasupskovski Street)
If you enter Spasupskovski Street, you can admire the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior on the Sand, which dates back to the early 18th century. It was closed during the Soviet era. In this same place, the famous painting “Moscow Yard” by Vasily Polenov (1878, State Museum of Russian Art, St. Petersburg) can be seen, which shows us the Arbat district, which used to look like a village.
Monument to Alexander Pushkin (Spasopskovsky Square)
From the church, you can head to Spasskaya Square, home to the monument of Alexander Pushkin nestled in a charming park. Crafted by sculptor Yuri Dines, this monument was erected in 1993, paying homage to the esteemed Russian poet.
Adjacent to the monument, at number 10, stands the Spaso House, formerly known as the Vetorov Mansion. Since 1933, this historic residence has served as the official residence of US ambassadors. Constructed between 1913 and 1915, the Spaso House boasted luxurious amenities ahead of its time. Notably, its grandiose interiors feature high ceilings and a magnificent chandelier crafted from Russian glass, adding to its opulent allure.
Alexander Pushkin Memorial Building (53 Arbat St.)
Further down Arbat Street, at number 53, stands the Pushkin Memorial Building, where Russia’s iconic national poet resided from February to May 1831. Notably, it was here that he celebrated his bachelor party before marrying Natalya Goncharova, and later spent his honeymoon. With a tumultuous life marked by numerous relocations, Pushkin’s literary contributions, steeped in the romantic movement, have solidified his status as the founder of Russian national literature. Among his renowned works, Boris Godunov stands as a timeless masterpiece. For a nominal fee of 350 rubles, visitors can explore the memorial building, open every day except Monday. Housing the author’s former residence, along with a myriad of objects and documents associated with his life, the building also features halls and exhibitions providing insights into Moscow and Russia of the 19th century.
Additionally, located at Volkhonka Street 12, near Christ the Savior Cathedral, is the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Despite sharing the author’s name, this museum is distinct from the aforementioned memorial building. It houses an extensive collection of European art and is regarded as the second largest Russian museum dedicated to this genre, following the renowned Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.
Monument to Alexander Pushkin and Natalya Goncharova
In 1999, commemorating the 200th anniversary of his birth, a striking bronze statue depicting Alexander Pushkin and Natalya Goncharova was unveiled in front of the Pushkin Memorial Building. Crafted by Iskander and Igor Burganov, this masterpiece features a romantic-style bronze composition atop polished granite at its base, providing a picturesque backdrop for photography enthusiasts.
Visitors often engage with the statue by touching the hands of Pushkin and Goncharova, believed to symbolize good luck in love, fostering stronger and enduring relationships. This gesture has become a cherished tradition among those who visit, adding to the allure and significance of this iconic monument.
Andrey Bely Memorial Building (55 Arbat St.)
The Andrey Bely memorial building, which you can visit, is also part of the Pushkin State Museum, where the famous symbolist poet of the late 19th and early 20th centuries lived, twenty-six years after his birth. Inside this building, you can learn about his life and work. The officials of this monument stage beautiful artistic and musical performances inside this building. The building is open every day except Monday, and the cost of visiting it is between 100 and 200 rubles.
Building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia (32/34 Smolensky Boulevard)
As you stroll along Arbat Street, your gaze may be drawn to a towering skyscraper in the distance. This impressive structure is none other than the building of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, serving as a fitting endpoint to your journey along Arbat Street. Standing tall at 172 meters with 27 floors, this imposing skyscraper is one of the renowned “seven sisters” of Stalinist architecture. Constructed between 1948 and 1953, the building boasts a grand facade adorned with the emblem of the Soviet Union. While it is not open to public visitation, you can still admire its exterior after your exploration of Arbat Street, marveling at its historic significance and architectural splendor.
Where to eat on Arbat Street in Moscow?
Arbat Street in Moscow offers a culinary adventure with its diverse array of dining options. From Russian and American fast food chains to buffets and eateries serving Georgian, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Armenian, and Asian cuisines, there’s something to satisfy every palate. For those seeking a more upscale dining experience, the Zodiac or White Rabbit restaurant is a must-visit. Located on the 16th floor of the shopping center opposite the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building, this modern Russian-style restaurant offers a fusion of traditional Russian dishes with contemporary flavors and seasonings, resulting in delightful culinary creations that are sure to tantalize your taste buds.
Frequently asked questions
- How old is Arbat Street?
This street dates back to the 11th century.
- Is it possible to visit the interior of the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Moscow?
No, but you can visit the exterior.
- When was Arbat Street in Moscow rebuilt?
This street and the surrounding buildings were reconstructed at the end of the 20th century.
- What are the most spectacular on Arbat Street in Moscow?
Cinemas and theaters, Pushkin Museum and Pushkin Memorial Building, Andrei Bely Memorial, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Building, historical houses and mansions.
As a Travel Point Turkey company, we would love to help you enjoy your trip while you are in Istanbul. We also have tours like Cappadocia Jeep Safari Tour, Sapanca & Masukiye Tour, Istanbul Princes Island Tour, ATV Tour in Cappadocia, Istanbul Afternoon Bosphorus Tour, Pamukkale Tour, Green Bursa Tour, Istanbul Bosphorus Dinner Cruise non Alcohol, Istanbul Bosphorus Dinner Cruise with Alcohol, Istanbul Private Yatch Tour, Trabzon Uzungol Tour, Ephesus Tour, Troy Tour, Cappadocia Tour, Istanbul Two Continents Tour, Istanbul Old City Morning Tour, Istanbul Full Day Old City Tour and more.
